MEANING
Bias in treatment comparisons when the reason for assigning an intervention also predicts the outcome being studied.
Use it for
Use when the reason for prescribing or assigning treatment is tied to prognosis.Explain why observational comparisons can misattribute outcomes to treatment.
Words that belong together
- confounding by indication in observational studies
- adjust for confounding by indication
- indication for treatment
On the page
Because the sickest patients received the strongest treatment, confounding by indication complicated the comparison.
Nearby words
Word forms
- Base
- confounding by indication
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Usage notes
Common in nonrandomized treatment studies: the clinical reason for choosing an intervention can itself predict outcomes, making treatment appear less or more effective.
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